A study on the use of telescopes has been conducted on high school students.
The purpose of this experiment is to find out how much influence the use of a telescope has on student’s understanding and learning motivation. In this experiment, the common ground or terrestrial telescopes were used. The experiment used the Class Action Research (PTK) method.
The results of this experiment were considered satisfactory because they succeeded in increasing student’s understanding and motivation to learn. 1. Introduction A telescope makes astronomical objects appear closer to the naked eye. It is an important tool for astronomy that gathers light and directs it to a single point. Some do this with curved mirrors, some with curved lenses, and some with both. Telescopes make distant things look bigger, brighter and closer. Galileo was the first person to use a telescope for astronomy, but he did not invent them. The first telescope was invented in the Netherlands in 1608. Some telescopes, not mainly used for astronomy, are binoculars, camera lenses, or spyglasses. When telescopes are used with just your eye, an eyepiece has to be used. These use two or more smaller lenses to magnify an image. Without an eyepiece, an eye can not focus the image. When a telescope is used with a camera or other special scientific tools, eyepiece lenses are not needed. Most big telescopes for astronomy are made for looking very carefully at things that are already known. A few are made to search for things, such as unknown asteroids. A telescope made to be used with a CCD (Charge-Coupled Devices) camera instead of just your eye are sometimes called "Astrophotography". A Go-to telescope is needed to track Deep Sky objects and must be placed on a Alt-Azimuth Mount for the axis to point towards Polaris, this is called polar alignment. The bigger the aperture (mirror) the more light the telescope collects. It makes faint objects appear clearer.[1] Telescopes can be used by normal people too, not just scientists. These are amateur telescopes, and they are usually smaller, and they don't cost too much for a normal person to buy. Some of the most popular amateur telescopes are Dobsonians, a type of Newtonian telescope. The word telescope is usually used for light human eyes can see, but there are telescopes for wavelengths we cannot see. Infrared telescopes look like normal telescopes, but have to be kept cold since all warm things give off infrared light. Radio telescopes are like radio antennas, usually shaped like large dishes. X-ray and Gamma ray telescopes have a problem because the rays go through most metals and glasses. To solve this problem, the mirrors are shaped like a bunch of rings inside each other so the rays ICRLP-2021 Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2309 (2022) 012047 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2309/1/012047 2 strike them at a shallow angle and are reflected. These telescopes are space telescopes because little of this radiation reaches the Earth. Other space telescopes are put in orbit so the Earth's atmosphere does not interfere. Telescopes are mostly used for looking at celestial objects such as, the stars, planets, etc.[2]. 2. Literature Review Telescope or binoculars is a tool used to observe objects from a distance, this tool serves to collect electromagnetic radiation and form an im age of the object being observed (Telescope - Indonesian Wikipedia, Free Encyclopedia, n.d.). The telescope is a very important tool in the science of astronomy, because with this tool it can show the very distant sky differences. The telescope has at least three main functions, namely: 1) Collecting as much light as possible from an object being observed. 2) Focusing light to create a sharp image. 3) To enlarge the image (Irvan & Hermawan, 2019). In this experiment we use a terrestrial telescope or an earth telescope, which is quite easy to obtain. This binocular consists of three lenses, where the convex lens as the objective lens, the eyepiece lens and the inverting lens. These binoculars make virtual image, vertical and enlarged (Types of Binoculars (Telescopes) And Explanation of Its Function Equipped with the Most Complete Images - Sciences, n.d.). The use of telescopes for learning media in schools in physics lessons will be very useful because it is not yet the maximum use of these props. Especially in some schools already have it but its use is still minimal. So, it is expected that this experiment can invite teachers and fellow educators to be able to maximize the facilities that are already available.[3] In addition, the use of telescopes for learning media is expected to improve the understanding and motivation of learners' learning, considering that there are still often misconceptions in optic materials, especially in sub-chapter of microscope and telescope materials. According to (Munawaroh et al., 2016) in sub-chapter of microscope and telescope material occurs as large as 17.95% of students experience misconceptions.[4] Therefore, it is expected that the remediation effective to overcome this misconception. Similar research has also been conducted by (Ardi Yohanes Benga Weking, 2017) to conclude that the use of telescope props can improve students’ understanding and can also increase students' learning interests.[5] This paper discusses the results of experiments on the application of physics learning using telescopes to students. 3. Research Method This implementation was conducted on students of grade XI Senior High School Nurul Hidayah in two different classes namely class XI Science 1 and XI Science 3 in the 2019/2020 school year. Each class consists of 36 students. The experiment used the Class Action Research (PTK) method. There are two classes, a control class and an experimental class where each class consists of 36 students. Our control classes give you the action of the teaching and learning process with just a book and power points only while the experimental class uses telescopes as a learning medium. At the class we give a pretest to know the initial knowledge of each student. While posttest is done after the lesson takes place both in control classes and experiments, this posttest to know the different learning outcomes of different actions in each class. ICRLP-2021 Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2309 (2022) 012047 IOP
that the use of telescope props can improve students’ understanding, but this method is no better when compared to lecture methods. The use of telescope props can increase students' learning interest. The results of Aini's research (2016) show that the higher the motivation of students to learn stimulants, the higher the learning achievement. On the contrary, the lower the motivation to learn simultaneously, the lower the learning achievement. In addition, Stevani research results (2016) showed that learning motivation affects students' learning outcomes, the lower the student's learning motivation, the lower the student's learning outcomes.[6] Thus, low learning motivation can have an impact on students' achievements and learning outcomes that tend to be poor. Shalahudin (Nurhidayah, 2011) suggests that there are factors that influence learning motivation, among others, extrinsic factors that include the natural and social environment, parental attention, school curriculum, teachers, facilities and infrastructure, facilities provided by the school, and school administration, while intrinsic factors include the physical and psychological condition of the students. In the extrinsic factors of learning motivation mentioned one of them is the teacher in other words that a teacher or teacher has an influence to increase the motivation of learning. In addition, the results of research from Lauma, et al. (2014), revealed that with the teaching skills of teachers, students' learning motivation will emerge.[8] Therefore, teachers should play their best role as teachers in an effort to raise and improve the learning motivation of their students.